Den interpersonlige teorien om selvmord

Forfattere

  • Johan Siqveland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5617/suicidologi.5889

Sammendrag

SAMMENDRAG
Den interpersonlige teorien om selvmord (ITS) er en relativt
ny modell for selvmordsatferd som allerede i løpet av vel ti år
har generert en betydelig mengde forskning. ITS er en modell
for selvmordsatferd som bygger på at selvmord og alvorlig
selvskade kan forklares gjennom samspillet mellom tre
faktorer. To av faktorene, opplevelsen av å være en byrde for
andre og manglende tilhørighet, forklarer hvordan selvmordstanker
oppstår. Den tredje faktoren forklarer hvorfor bare
et fåtall av de som har selvmordstanker dør av selvmord.
Å skade seg alvorlig utløser en beskyttende sterk frykt, og
bare de med en oppøvd evne til å skade seg selv alvorlig kan
overkomme den, ifølge denne teorien. Det er når manglende
tilhørighet, opplevelse av å være en byrde og evne til alvorlig
selvskade er sterkt til stede samtidig, at personer kan dø
av selvmord. Denne artikkelen vil presentere ITS-modellen,
gjennomgå empirisk forskning om modellen og presentere
kliniske implikasjoner.
The interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS) is a fairly new model
of suicidal behavior which has generated a substantial amount
of empirical research over the past 10 years. According to the
ITS, suicide and severe self-injury can best be understood as
an interplay between three factors. The interplay between two of
these factors, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness,
explains why people develop suicidal ideation. The
third factor explains why only a minority of those with suicidal
ideation die by suicide. To injure oneself severely or to kill
oneself causes a natural and protective immense fear. To pass
this threshold, a capacity for severe self-injury is necessary,
according to this theory. When thwarted belongingness,
perceived burdensomeness and acquired capability of serious
self-injury are present at the same time, the risk of dying by
suicide is highest, according to the theory. This article will
present the ITS and review empirical research on the theory.
Lastly, clinical implications will be presented.

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