Veiledningssamtaler i høyere utdanning: Utprøving av en modell til bruk i forskning på tilbakemeldinger
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5617/adno.2992Keywords:
typer av tilbakemeldinger (feedback), klassifiseringsskjema, koding, reliabilitetskontroll, veiledning, formativ vurdering.Abstract
Tilbakemeldinger er sentralt for pedagogiske prosesser i høyere utdanning, og er en viktig komponent i vurdering med hensyn på læring. Imidlertid dokumenterer en rekke studier at studenter ikke er helt fornøyde med kvaliteten på tilbakemeldingene fra veilederne sine (se f.eks. Damen, Keller, Hamberg, & Bakken, 2016), og at de ikke brukes godt nok for læringsfremmende formål (Jonsson, 2013). For å forbedre kvaliteten på vurderingsprosessen er det behov for mer kunnskap om tilbakemeldingene som veilederen gir. Klassifiseringer er et nyttig verktøy for å beskrive tilbakemeldinger, hvis de evner å fange inn kompleksiteten av fenomenet. Tilbakemeldinger har imidlertid gjerne blitt kategorisert med endimensjonale og relativt rigide systemer. Dette er foreslått løst i en klassifiseringsmodell som består av et fleksibelt og multidimensionalt system, utviklet i en tidligere studie av Karlsen (2015). Denne artikkelen presenterer og drøfter resultatene fra en utprøving av denne modellen brukt som kodeverktøy i forskning, med utgangspunkt sju oppgavefaglige veiledningssamtaler, som utgjør det empiriske materialet. Utprøvingen inkluderer en foreløpig sjekk av kodereliabilitet. Konklusjonen i artikkelen er at modellen synes å være et egnet verktøy til å beskrive tilbakemeldingene som gis i denne formen for veiledning, men at det er behov for videre utprøving av modellens gyldighet som kodeverktøy i andre situasjoner og/eller kontekster.
Nøkkelord: formativ vurdering, typer av tilbakemeldinger (feedback), klassifiseringsskjema, koding, reliabilitetskontroll, veiledning
Abstract
Feedback is central to educational processes in higher education and constitutes the main component of assessment with regard to the learning. However, as documented in a series of studies; even if students appreciate getting feedback, they are more reserved when it comes to the quality of the feedback they receive from teachers and supervisors (Damen, Keller, Hamberg, & Bakken, 2016). To improve the quality of the practice, we need to know more about the feedback that students receive. Classifications are useful tools to describe feedback, if they manage to capture the complexity of the phenomenon. However, feedback is often categorized with one-dimensional, relatively rigid systems that only embrace a few features. This study makes use of a multi-dimensional classification system, developed in a previous study by the Author (2015). This article presents and discusses results of a test of this model used as a coding tool for data from an empirical material consisting of seven feedback situations. The test includes a preliminary check of coder reliability. The article concludes that the model seems to be a suitable tool for description of feedback practices, and that it may give an improved basis for reflection on and improvement of feedback practice.
Key words: formative assessment, types of feedback, coding, assessing reliability, mentoring
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