Lærarens roller - veksling mellom ulike lærarposisjonar i didaktisk praksis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5617/adno.5641Keywords:
lærarrolle, klasseleiing, didaktisk intensjon, undervisningsdramaturgi, pedagogisk dømmekraftAbstract
Samandrag
Denne studien er ei oppfølging av ein tidlegare studie der det vart konkludert med at lærarrolla kan ordnast i tre hovudkategoriar: den styrande, den støttande og den tilbaketrekte lærarrolla. Dette er dynamiske roller eller posisjonar som pedagogen kontinuerleg vekslar mellom for å oppnå måla for læring og sosialisering. Problemstillinga i denne studien er å utdjupa karakteristikken av desse lærarrollene og lærarens didaktiske intensjonar med val av lærarrolle. Basert på nye data frå klasserom i grunnskulen der undervisningsmetodane dramaforløp og dramatisering vert nytta i fagundervisninga, gjennomfører me ein dramaturgisk didaktisk analyse av aktørane sine handlingar og kommunikasjon i klasserommet.
Funna vert kategoriserte i tre didaktiske aspekt ved lærarrollene: i) lærarens posisjonering, ii) lærarens faglege bidrag og iii) lærarens samhandling og kommunikasjon med elevane. Våre funn viser at kvar lærarrolle har sine distinkte kjenneteikn, og at kvar rolle representerer bestemte intensjonar frå læraren si side. Lærarens avveging mellom ulike undervisningsformer og det Biesta kallar undervisningas fleirdimensjonale føremål stiller såleis krav til lærarens profesjonelle dømmekraft.
Kunnskap om desse kjenneteikna og intensjonane kan hjelpa lærarar og lærarstudentar med profesjonell planlegging og analyse av undervising, som korleis dei kan balansera mellom å setja seg sjølv i styrande, interaktiv eller tilbaketrekt posisjon i forhold til elevane si faglege tileigning; om dei vil leggja opp til undervising for elevane, saman med elevane eller ved elevane i samspel med kvarandre og andre læringsmedium. Gjennom ei konseptualisering av lærarrollene ønskjer me å bidra til refleksjon omkring lærarpraksis og lærarutdanning for slik å utvikla diskursen rundt lærarprofesjonen.
Nøkkelord: lærarrolle, klasseleiing, didaktisk intensjon, undervisningsdramaturgi, pedagogisk dømmekraft
The teacher’s roles - alternation between different teacher positions in didactic practices
Abstract
This is a follow-up study to an earlier study that explored teacher practice in which it was suggested that the teacher’s role is best understood by considering three main categories of activities: the directing, the supportive and the distal teacher role.
Based on new data from primary school classrooms, where the teaching methods process drama and dramatization are used in subject teaching, we perform a dramaturgic didactic analysis of the participants’ actions and communication in the classroom.
Our findings are categorized in three didactic aspects of the teacher role: i) the teacher`s positioning, ii) the teacher`s academic contribution and iii) the teacher`s interaction and communication with the students. Our findings highlight that each teacher role has its distinct, but sometimes overlapping characteristics and that each role represents certain teacher intensions. The teacher`s balancing of, on the one hand, the forms of teaching and on the other, what Biesta calls the multidimensional purpose of education places certain demands on the teacher’s professional judgment.
Knowledge about these characteristics and intensions may help teachers and PSTs in their professional planning and analysis of their teaching, for instance in finding a balance between placing themselves in a directing, interactive or distal position in the students’ qualification process, e.g. if their purpose is education for the students, together with the students or by the students in interaction with each other and different learning media. Conceptualizing the three teacher-roles might contribute to the development of the discourse on teaching professionalism.
Keywords: teacher role, classroom management, didactic intention, the dramaturgy of education, pedagogical judgment
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