Øvelser i empati og kulturell tilgang. Avgangselevers legitimering av arbeid med eldre skjønnlitteratur i videregående opplæring.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5617/adno.6149Keywords:
Litteraturdidaktikk, litterær kanon, norskfaget i videregående opplæring, litteraturfaglig legitimering, litterær kompetanseAbstract
Artikkelen undersøker avgangselevers legitimering av litteraturundervisningen i videregående skole samt den litterære kompetansen de har utviklet gjennom opplæringsløpet. Spørsmålet om skjønnlitteraturens plass og legitimitet i norskfaget har vært mye diskutert i fagpolitisk sammenheng siden innføringen av Læreplanverket for Kunnskapsløftet. Debatten har til dels vært preget av steile fronter i så vel deskriptive som normative spørsmål om skjønnlitteraturens stilling blant norskfagets andre fagkomponenter, om læreplanens føringer for utvalg av litterære tekster, og om forholdet mellom skjønnlitterær lesing og literacy-dreiningen i faget. Elevenes stemme har imidlertid vært fraværende i debatten, og i denne artikkelen søkes derfor svar på tre spørsmål: I hvilken grad mener avgangselever på studiespesialisering at arbeid med skjønnlitteratur genrelt, og klassiske kanontekster spesielt, har legitimitet i videregående opplæring? Hvilke begrunnelser har elevene for de legitimitetssvarene de gir? Og hvilken litterær kompetanse tyder svarene på at elevene har tilegnet seg gjennom opplæringen? Tilnærmingen er fenomenologisk, basert på semistrukturerte intervju av nylig avgåtte elever fra studiespesialiserende opplæring, men den inkluderer også leselogger knyttet til arbeidet med kanoniserte noveller fra realismen/naturalismen. Resultatene viser at elevene argumenterer for viktigheten av å møte den kanoniserte litteraturen i norskfaget, og at de særlig knytter legitimeringen til nye perspektiver på egen livsverden gjennom empati og historisk bevissthet, og til tekstkulturell tilgangskompetanse. I refleksjoner over tekstene demonstrerer elevene stor grad av fiksjons- og overføringskompetanse, men langt mer varierende grad av analytisk kompetanse og utholdenhet i møte med krevende tekster.
Nøkkelord: litteraturdidaktikk, litterær kanon, norskfaget i videregående opplæring, litteraturfaglig legitimering, litterær kompetanse.
Practicing empathy and cultural access. Upper secondary graduates’ reading, understanding and legitimization of canonized fiction.
Abstract
This article examines newly graduates’ legitimizing of literature teaching in upper secondary school, and what literacy competence they have developed during their education. Fiction and poetry reading in the Norwegian L1 subject has been a highly debated policy question since the new curriculum standards were implemented in 2006, and the discussions have to a certain extent been characterized by steep fronts in as well descriptive and normative questions of literature’s position among other content parts of the L1 subject, the curriculum’s guidelines for selection of literacy texts, and the relationship between literary reading and the literacy turn in the L1 subject. However, in this debate the students’ voice has not been heard, so this article seeks to answer three questions: To what degree do graduates find that literary reading in general and specifically that of canonized texts is legitimate in upper secondary school? How do the graduates justify their legitimatizations? And, finally, what literary competence do the graduates’ answers imply they have acquired throughout their education? The approach is phenomenological, mainly based on semi-structured interviews with academic specialization graduates, but also includes reading logs from encounters with canonized short-stories from the realism/naturalism period. The results show that the graduates advocate the importance of reading canonized literature in the Norwegian L1 subject, and that their legitimatization strategies are particularly related to the literature’s potential for offering new perspectives on their own lifeworld through empathy and historical awareness, and to cultural literacy. Through their reflections on the literary texts the graduates demonstrate highly developed fiction and transfer competence, while their analytical competence and tolerance for texts that demand complex reading skills are more varying.
Keywords: literature didactics, literary canon, upper secondary L1, legitimizing literature, literary competence
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