Reduksjon av unngåelsesatferd og innleggelser grunnet villet egenskade etter Basal Eksponeringsterapi

Forfattere

  • Jan Hammer
  • Kristoffer Ludvigsen
  • Didrik Heggdal
  • Roar Fosse

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5617/suicidologi.4682

Resumé

Basal eksponeringsterapi (BET) er en behandlingsmodell

spesielt utviklet for pasienter med alvorlige og sammensatte

psykiske lidelser. Karakteristisk for pasientgruppen

er psykosesymptomer, dissosiasjon, spiseforstyrrelser og

emosjonell ustabilitet i kombinasjon med gjentatte episoder

med villet egenskade (VE) og selvmordsforsøk. I en retrospektiv

journalgjennomgang for 27 pasienter sammenliknet

vi innleggelser knyttet til VE i somatikk og psykisk helsevern

12 måneder før og etter BET. Færre pasienter ble innlagt

med VE etter BET (12 av 27) enn før BET (22 av 27), en

nedgang på 45 %. Antall innleggelser knyttet til VE sank fra

123 til 47, en nedgang på 62 %. Parallelt fant vi en nedgang

i pasientenes unngåelse av uønskede indre opplevelser

(“experiential avoidance”) målt med Acceptance and Action

Questionnaire (AAQ). Få innleggelser med VE etter BET var

knyttet til både en nedgang i AAQ fra inntak til utskrivning

og lave AAQ-skårer ved utskrivning. Funnene er i tråd med

at behandlingstilnærminger som vektlegger aksept for indre

opplevelser kan være et alternativ til behandling rettet mot

symptomreduksjon for denne pasientgruppen.

Basal Exposure Therapy (BET) is an inpatient treatment

modality developed for patients with severe and complex

mental disorders. Characteristics of the patient group are

psychotic symptoms, dissociation, eating disorders and

emotional instability in combination with repeated self-harm

and suicide attempts. In this retrospective study based on

electronic patient records, we compared the number of

admissions related to deliberate self-harm in both somatic

and psychiatric hospitals 12 months before and after BET for

27 patients. Fewer patients were admitted to hospitals with

deliberate self-harm after BET (12 of 27) compared to before

BET (22 of 27), a 45 % reduction. The number of hospitalizations

associated with deliberate self-harm decreased from

123 to 47, a 62 % reduction. This decline occurred in parallel

with a reduction in the patients’ experiential avoidance as

measured with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire

(AAQ). A low number of admissions related to deliberate

self-harm after BET was associated with a reduction in AAQ

scores from admission to discharge as well as with low AAQ

scores at discharge. The fi ndings are consistent with the

view that treatment approaches emphasizing acceptance of

unwanted private events may be viable alternatives to a focus

on symptom reduction in this patient group.

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