Suicidal atferd blant alkoholmisbrukere: omfang, kjennetegn og videre oppfølging
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5617/suicidologi.2242Abstract
Bakgrunn En rekke studier har vist at alkoholmisbruk er forbundet med en forhøyet risiko for selvmord og at selvmordsforsøk er svært utbredt blant alkoholmisbrukere. Formålet med denne studien var å undersøke forekomst av selvmordstanker og selvmordsforsøk blant alkoholmisbrukere innlagt til avrusning, samt å belyse kliniske og demografiske kjennetegn ved pasienter som rapporterte slik suicidal atferd, og å undersøke i hvilken grad disse pasientene får avtaler om videre behandlings- og omsorgstiltak. Materiale og metode Studien bygger på data fra 508 pasienter med alkoholmisbruk innlagt i en avrusingsavdeling. Et standardisert kartleggingskjema ble benyttet for innhenting av informasjon om selvmordsforsøk, selvmordstanker, sosiodemografiske forhold, psykisk helse og avtale om videre oppfølging etter avrusingsoppholdet. Resultater Blant pasientene som hadde besvart spørsmål om suicidal atferd (n=342/337), hadde 30 % noen gang forsøkt å ta sitt eget liv og 52 % hadde noen gang hatt perioder med alvorlige selvmordstanker, mens 46 % hadde hatt alvorlige selvmordstanker i løpet av de siste 4 uker. Disse andelene var særlig høyere blant pasienter som hadde hatt alvorlig depresjon, alvorlig angst eller hallusinasjoner. En av fem alkoholmisbrukere fikk ingen avtale om videre oppfølging i helse-, omsorgs- eller sosialtjeneste etter avrusingsoppholdet, og denne andelen var noe høyere blant dem med alvorlige selvmordstanker siste 4 uker før inntak. Fortolkning Resultatene er i tråd med funn fra tidligere studier, men peker også i retning av behov for systematisk kartlegging av suicidalitet blant pasienter med alkoholmisbruk og behov for mer kunnskap om oppfølgingen av denne pasientgruppen. Background It is well demonstrated that alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of suicide and that attempted suicide is prevalent among alcohol abusers. This study aimed at examining the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempted suicide among alcohol abusers admitted for detoxification and to assess clinical and demographic characteristics of patients who reported such suicidal behavior, and finally to explore to what extent there are made agreements for these patients regarding continued treatment and care subsequent to alcohol detoxification. Data and methods Data from 508 patients admitted to a detoxification clinic were collected by a standard patient questionnaire. The data comprised information about suicide attempt, suicidal ideation, socio-demographics, mental health and agreements regarding continued treatment and care after detoxification. Results Among the patients to answered questions about suicidal behavior (n= 342/337), a total of 30 % had ever tried to take their own life and 52% had ever had periods with severe suicidal ideation, whereas 46 % reported to have had severe suicidal ideation in the past 4 weeks. Suicide attempts and severe suicidal ideation were more frequently reported by patients who also reported severe depression, anxiety or hallucinations. For one in five patients no agreements were made for any form of treatment or care after detoxification and this proportion was somewhat higher among those with severe suicidal ideation during the 4 weeks prior to admission. Interpretation The findings are in line with those from previous studies, and suggest that suicidal behaviour needs to be systematically surveyed among patients with alcohol abuse. Moreover, further knowledge about continuity in treatment and care in this patient group is warranted.References
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