Hvordan engasjere suicidale pasienter i mentaliseringsbasert behandling?

Forfattere

  • Christian Schlüter

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5617/suicidologi.2157

Sammendrag

Mentaliseringsbasert terapi (MBT), utviklet av Anthony Bateman og Peter Fonagy, har vist seg effektiv mht. å behandle personer med ustabil personlighetsforstyrrelse (UPF), og har også vist at bedringen holder seg over lang tid. Avdeling for Personlighetspsykiatri har implementert en variant av det MBT-opplegget som drives i London. Selvmordsproblematikk av forskjellig art og grad utgjør en vesentlig del av de problemene personer med UPF har. Det er derfor viktig at all psykoterapi med denne pasientgruppen har et fokus på dette, og har et rasjonale for forståelse og håndtering av slike suicidale tilstander. Grunnet det alvorlige i lidelsen, er det viktig å engasjere disse personene i behandlingen slik at de ikke dropper ut, eller at behandlingen skaper forverring. Artikkelen vil summarisk redegjøre for mentalisering og mentaliseringssvikt, som anses som den patologiske kjerneproblematikken for denne pasientgruppen. Dernest presenteres tre kliniske områder som MBT anser som særs viktige for at behandlingen av suicidale pasienter med UPF skal lykkes. Det dreier seg om 1) forståelse og håndtering av selvmordsrisiko, 2) selve behandlingsopplegget og 3) MBT holdning, fokus og teknikk. Formålet med artikkelen er å vise hvordan MBTterapeuter arbeider klinisk med denne problematikken, og dermed bidra til at en økt forståelse, toleranse og konstruktiv håndtering av disse problemene, vil kunne finne sted. Mentalization Based Therapy (MBT), developed by Anthony Bateman and Peter Fonagy, has proven effective with respect to treating people with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and has also shown that the improvement remains over time. Department of Personality Psychiatry has implemented a variant of the MBT program. Suicidal behavior of varying degree and nature constitutes a significant part of the problems individuals with BPD have. It is therefore important that all psychotherapy with this group of patients has a focus on such behaviors, and have a rationale for the understanding and management of suicidal states. Due to the seriousness of this aspect of the disorder, it is important to engage these individuals in the treatment to prevent drop out, or that the treatment itself creates aggravation. The article will summarily describe mentalization and failure to mentalize, which is considered the pathological core issue for this patient group. Secondly, three clinical areas considered vital in MBT for successful treatment of suicidal patients with BPD are presented; 1) the understanding and management of suicide risk, 2) the treatment program, and 3) MBT attitude, focus and technique. The purpose of this article is to show how to work clinically with suicidal behavior within an MBT framework, and facilitate an increased understanding, tolerance and constructive management of these problems.

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Nedlastinger

Publisert

2015-05-29