Sammenhenger mellom alkoholbruk og suicidal atferd på individnivå: en oversikt
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5617/suicidologi.2240Resumé
Alkoholmisbruk er en viktig risikofaktor for selvmord og annen villet egenskade. Denne artikkelen gir en oversikt over empirisk forskning som har belyst sammenhenger mellom alkoholmisbruk og suicidal atferd på individnivå og viser at de observerte sammenhengene er både betydelige, men også varierende mellom studier. Ved selvmord finner man at mellom 15 og 61 % hadde et alkoholmisbruk, og blant personer med alkoholmisbruk er risikoen for selvmord om lag 10 ganger høyere enn i befolkningen ellers. Også alkoholberuselse er en viktig risikofaktor for suicidal atferd; ved selvmord finner man at mellom 10 og 69 % var alkoholpåvirket. Artikkelen drøfter mulighetene for at en persons alkoholmisbruk eller alkoholberuselse kan ha betydning for suicidal atferd hos andre, som for eksempel barn eller andre nære pårørende. Artikkelen diskuterer også ulike underliggende mekanismer som kan forklare de observerte sammenhengene. Alcohol abuse is a major risk factor for suicide and other deliberate self harm. This article provides an overview of empirical research that has examined the relationship between alcohol abuse and suicidal behavior at the individual level and shows that the observed correlations are not only significant, but also varying between studies. Among suicides, it is found that 15 to 69 % of the deceased had alcohol abuse and among alcohol abusers the suicide risk is about ten times that of the general population. Also alcohol intoxication is an important risk factor for suicidal behavior; among suicides it is found that 10 to 69 % were under the influence of alcohol at the time of death. The article discusses the possibility that a person's alcohol abuse and alcohol intoxication may affect suicidal behavior in others, such as in children or other close relatives. Finally, the article discusses different underlying mechanisms that can explain the observed correlations.Referencer
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