Sammenhenger mellom alkoholbruk og suicidal atferd på individnivå: en oversikt
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5617/suicidologi.2240Abstract
Alkoholmisbruk er en viktig risikofaktor for selvmord og annen villet egenskade. Denne artikkelen gir en oversikt over empirisk forskning som har belyst sammenhenger mellom alkoholmisbruk og suicidal atferd på individnivå og viser at de observerte sammenhengene er både betydelige, men også varierende mellom studier. Ved selvmord finner man at mellom 15 og 61 % hadde et alkoholmisbruk, og blant personer med alkoholmisbruk er risikoen for selvmord om lag 10 ganger høyere enn i befolkningen ellers. Også alkoholberuselse er en viktig risikofaktor for suicidal atferd; ved selvmord finner man at mellom 10 og 69 % var alkoholpåvirket. Artikkelen drøfter mulighetene for at en persons alkoholmisbruk eller alkoholberuselse kan ha betydning for suicidal atferd hos andre, som for eksempel barn eller andre nære pårørende. Artikkelen diskuterer også ulike underliggende mekanismer som kan forklare de observerte sammenhengene. Alcohol abuse is a major risk factor for suicide and other deliberate self harm. This article provides an overview of empirical research that has examined the relationship between alcohol abuse and suicidal behavior at the individual level and shows that the observed correlations are not only significant, but also varying between studies. Among suicides, it is found that 15 to 69 % of the deceased had alcohol abuse and among alcohol abusers the suicide risk is about ten times that of the general population. Also alcohol intoxication is an important risk factor for suicidal behavior; among suicides it is found that 10 to 69 % were under the influence of alcohol at the time of death. The article discusses the possibility that a person's alcohol abuse and alcohol intoxication may affect suicidal behavior in others, such as in children or other close relatives. Finally, the article discusses different underlying mechanisms that can explain the observed correlations.References
Ali, S., Nathani, M., Jabeen, S., Yazdani, I., Mouton,
C.D., Bailey, R.K., Riley, W. J. (2013). Alcohol: the
lubricant to suicidality. Innovations in clinical
neuroscience, 10, 20.
Andreasson, S., Allebeck, P., & Romelsjö, A. (1988).
Alcohol and mortality among young men: longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 296, 1021–1025.
study of Swedish conscripts. British medical
journal (Clinical research ed.), 296, 1021–1025.
Bagge, C.L., & Sher, K.J. (2008). Adolescent alcohol
involvement and suicide attempts: Toward the development
of a conceptual framework. Clinical Psychology
Review, 28, 1283.
Bakken, K., & Vaglum, P. (2007). Predictors of suicide
attempters in substance-dependent patients: a sixyear
prospective follow-up. Clinical Practice and
Epidemiology in Mental Health, 3(1), 20.
Berglund, M., & Öjehagen, A. (1998). The Influence
of Alcohol Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorders on
Psychiatric Disorders and Suicidal Behavior. Alcoholism:
Clinical and Experimental Research, 22, 333s–
s.
Bjornaas, M.A., Teige, B., Hovda, K.E., Ekeberg, O.,
Heyerdahl, F., & Jacobsen, D. (2010). Fatal poisonings
in Oslo: a one-year observational study. BMC
emergency medicine, 10(1), 13.
Blow, F.C., Brockmann, L.M., & Barry, K.L. (2004). Role
of Alcohol in Late_Life Suicide. Alcoholism: Clinical
and Experimental Research, 28(s1), 48S–56S.
Boenisch, S., Bramesfeld, A., Mergl, R., Havers, I.,
Althaus, D., Lehfeld, H., Hegerl, U. (2010). The role of
alcohol use disorder and alcohol consumption in
suicide attempts - a secondary analysis of 1921
suicide attempts. European psychiatry, 25, 414-420.
Bogstrand, S.T., Normann, P.T., Rossow, I., Larsen, M.,
Mørland, J., & Ekeberg, Ø. (2011). Prevalence of alcohol
and other substances of abuse among injured patients
in a Norwegian emergency department. Drug and
Alcohol Dependence, 117, 132–138.
Borges, G.L.G., & Loera, C.R. (2010). Alcohol and drug
use in suicidal behaviour. Current opinion in psychiatry,
, 195–204.
Borowsky, I.W., Resnick, M.D., Ireland, M., & Blum, R.
W. (1999). Suicide Attempts Among American Indian
and Alaska Native Youth: Risk and Protective Factors.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 153(6), 573-580. doi:
1001/archpedi.153.6.573
Brady, J. (2006). The association between alcohol
misuse and suicidal behaviour. Alcohol and Alcoholism,
, 473–478.
Cherpitel, C. J., Borges, G.L G., & Wilcox, H.C. (2004).
Acute alcohol use and suicidal behavior: a review
of the literature. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental
Research, 28(s1), 18S-28S.
Christoffersen, M.N., & Soothill, K. (2003). The longterm
consequences of parental alcohol abuse: a
cohort study of children in Denmark. Journal of
Substance Abuse Treatment, 25(2), 107–116.
Conner, K.R., & Duberstein, P.R. (2004). Predisposing
and precipitating factors for suicide among alcoholics:
empirical review and conceptual integration.
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 28(s1),
S-17S.
Conner, K.R., McCloskey, M.S., & Duberstein, P.R.
(2008). Psychiatric risk factors for suicide in the
alcohol-dependent patient. Psychiatric Annals, 38,
Conwell, Y., Duberstein, P.R., & Caine, E.D. (2002). Risk
factors for suicide in later life. Biological psychiatry,
, 193–204.
Dawson, D.A. (1997). Alcohol, Drugs, Fighting and
Suicide Attempt/Ideation. Addiction Research &
The-ory, 5, 451-472. doi: doi:10.3109/1606635970
Donovan, J.E., Jessor, R., & Costa, F.M. (1991). Adolescent
health behavior and conventionality-unconventionality:
an extension of problem-behavior
theory. Health Psychology, 10, 52–61.
Dube, S.R., Anda, R.F., Felitti, V.J., Chapman, D.P., Williamson,
D.F., & Giles, W.H. (2001). Childhood abuse,
household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted
suicide throughout the life span. JAMA, 286(24),
–3096.
Dube, S.R., Anda, R.F., Felitti, V.J., Croft, J.B., Edwards,
V.J., & Giles, W.H. (2001). Growing up with parental
alcohol abuse: exposure to childhood abuse, neglect,
and household dysfunction. Child Abuse & Neglect,
(12), 1627–1640.
Esposito-Smythers, C., & Spirito, A. (2004). Adolescent
substance use and suicidal behavior: a review with
implications for treatment research. Alcoholism:
Clinical and Experimental Research, 28(s1), 77S-88S.
Evans, E., Hawton, K., & Rodham, K. (2004). Factors associated with suicidal phenomena in adolescents: a systematic review of population-based studies.
associated with suicidal phenomena in adolescents:
a systematic review of population-based studies.
Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 957-979.
2105/ajph.81.7.870
Fergusson, D.M., & Lynskey, M.T. (1995). Childhood
circumstances, adolescent adjustment, and suicide
attempts in a New Zealand birth cohort. Journal of
the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, 34(5), 612–622.
Grossman, D.C., Milligan, B.C., & Deyo, R.A. (1991).
Risk factors for suicide attempts among Navajo
adolescents. Am J Public Health, 81(7), 870–874. doi:
Grøholt, B., Ekeberg, B., Wichstrøm, L., & Haldorsen,
T. (2000). Young suicide attempters: a comparison
between a clinical and an epidemiological sample.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(7), 868–875.
Grøholt, B., Ekeberg, Ø., Wichstrom, L., & Haldorsen,
T. (1997). Youth Suicide in Norway, 1990–1992: A
Comparison between Children and Adolescents
Completing Suicide and Age_ and Gender_Matched
Controls. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 27(3),
–263.
Hjelmeland, H. (1996). Repetition of parasuicide: a
predictive study. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior,
(4), 395–404.
Hjelmeland, H., & Bjerke, T. (1996). Parasuicide in the
county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. General epidemiology
and psychological factors. Social Psychiatry
and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 31, 272–283.
Horverak, Ø., & Bye, E.K. (2007). Det norske
drikkemønsteret. En studie basert på intervjudata
fra 1973 til 2004. Oslo: Statens institutt for
rusmiddelforskning.
Hufford, M.R. (2001). Alcohol and suicidal behavior.
Clinical Psychology Review, 21(5), 797–811.
Isometsä, E.T. (2001). Psychological autopsy studies
- a review. European psychiatry, 16(7), 379–38n
Johannessen, H.A., Dieserud, G., De Leo, D., Claussen,
B., & Zahl, P.-H. (2011). Chain of care for patients
who have attempted suicide: a follow-up study
from Baerum, Norway. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 81.
Johnson, J.L., & Leff, M. (1999). Children of Substance
Abusers: Overview of Research Findings. Pediatrics,
(5), 1085–1099. doi: 10.1542/peds.103.5.S1.1085
Kizza, D., Hjelmeland, H., Kinyanda, E., & Knizek, B.L.
(2012). Alcohol and suicide in postconflict Northern
Uganda: A qualitative psychological autopsy study.
Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide
Prevention, 33(2), 95.
Lamis, D.A., & Malone, P.S. (2012). Alcohol use and
suicidal behaviors among adults: a synthesis and
theoretical model. Suicidology online, 3, 4–23.
Landheim, A.S., Bakken, K., & Vaglum, P. (2006). What
characterizes substance abusers who commit suicide
attempts? Factors related to Axis I disorders and
patterns of substance use disorders. European Addiction
Research, 12(2), 102–108.
Leonard, K. (2001). Domestic violence and alcohol:
what is known and what do we need to know to
encourage environmental interventions? Journal of
Substance Use, 6, 235–247.
Nordentoft, M. (2007). Prevention of suicide and
attempted suicide in Denmark. Danish Medical
Bulletin, 54(2), 306–369.
Nordrum, I., Eide, T.J., & Jørgensen, L. (2000). Alcohol
in a series of medico-legally autopsied deaths in
northern Norway 1973–1992. Forensic science
international, 110(2), 127-137.
Pirkola, S.P., Suominen, K., & Isometsä, E.T. (2004).
Suicide in alcohol-dependent individuals. CNS drugs,
(7), 423–436.
Retterstøl, N., Ekeberg, Ø., & Mehlum, L. (2002).
Selvmord: et personlig og samfunnsmessig problem:
Gyldendal akademisk.
Rossow, I. (2000). Suicide, violence and child abuse
- a review of the impact of alcohol consumption
on social problems. Contemporary Drug Problems,
, 397–433.
Rossow, I., Moan, I.S., & Natvig, H. (2009). Nære pårørende
av alkoholmisbrukere - hvor mange er de
og hvordan berøres de? SIRUS rapport. Oslo: Statens
institutt for rusmiddelforskning.
Rossow, I., & Wichstrøm, L. (1994). Parasuicide and
use of intoxicants among Norwegian adolescents.
Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 24, 174–183.
Rossow, I., Ystgaard, M., Hawton, K., Madge, N., van
Heeringen, K., de Wilde, E.J., Morey, C. (2007). Crossnational
comparisons of the association between
alcohol consumption and deliberate self-harm in
adolescents. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior,
(6), 605–615.
Roy, A., & Janal, M.N. (2007). Risk Factors for Suicide
Attempts Among Alcohol Dependent Patients. Archives
of Suicide Research, 11(2), 211-217. doi: 10.1080/
Schneider, B. (2009). Substance use disorders and
risk for completed suicide. Archives of Suicide
Research, 13(4), 303-316.
Sher, L. (2006). Risk and protective factors for suicide
in patients with alcoholism. The Scientific World
Journal, 6, 1405–1411.
Skarbø, T., Rosenvinge, J.H., & Holte, A. (2006). Alcohol
problems, mental disorder and mental health among
suicide attempters 5-9 years after treatment by
child and adolescent outpatient psychiatry. Nordic
journal of psychiatry, 60(5), 351–358.
Skog, O.-J. (1991). Alcohol and suicide - Durkheim
revisited. Acta Sociologica, 34.
Skurtveit, S., Christophersen, A.S., Grung, M., & Mørland,
J. (2002). Increased mortality among pre-viously
apprehended drunken and drugged drivers. Drug
and Alcohol Dependence, 68(2), 143–150.
Smith, G.S., Branas, C.C., & Miller, T.R. (1999). Fatal
nontraffic injuries involving alcohol: a metaanalysis.
Annals of emergency medicine, 33(6), 659–668.
Stack, S. (2000). Suicide: A 15-Year Review of the
Sociological Literature Part I: Cultural and Economic
Factors. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 30,
–162.
Søgaard Nielsen, A., Bille-Brahe, U., Hjelmeland, H.,
Jensen, B., Ostamo, A.I., Salander-Renberg, E., & Wasserman,
D. (1996). Alcohol problems among suicide
attempters in the Nordic countries. Crisis: The Journal
of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 17(4),
–166.
Thoresen, S., & Mehlum, L. (2004). Risk Factors for
Fatal Accidents and Suicides in Peacekeepers - Is
There an Overlap? Military medicine, 169(12), 988-
Vijayakumar, L., Kumar, M.S., & Vijayakumar, V. (2011).
Substance use and suicide. Current Opinion in
Psychiatry, 24(3), 197-202.
Wilcox, H. C., Conner, K.R., & Caine, E.D. (2004).
Association of alcohol and drug use disorders and
completed suicide: an empirical review of cohort
studies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 76(Suppl 1),
–19.
Windle, M., & Searles, J.S. (Eds.). (1990). Children of
alcoholics. Critical perspectives. New York: Guilford
Press.
Yoshimasu, K., Kiyohara, C., & Miyashita, K. (2008).
Suicidal risk factors and completed suicide: metaanalyses
based on psychological autopsy studies.
Environmental health and preventive medicine, 13,
–256.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright in accordance with the Norwegian Copyright Act (link in Norwegian), and grant Suicidologi right of first publication with the work.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Readers of Suicidologi may only use the journal's content in accordance with the Norwegian Copyright Act.